Go Green By Changing Our Lifestyle! Our lifestyle will give some effects to the earth. If we have bad lifestyle such as use too much energy, it can damage the earth and even can increase the global warming effects such as the increase of air temperature, the melting of glacier ice, the rising volume of water in the sea, and the rising of pollution. So, fix it by doing the green lifestyle. There are many ways that we can do to do the green lifestyles. First, avoid using privacy vehicle. We can use the public transportation, walk, or cycling as often as possible. It can decrease the carbon monoxide gas that can broke the ozone layer and reduce the increase of temperature. Then, unplug or turn off the electrical items when it is not in use. By doing this, we can save the use of energy. Besides, we can reduce the global warming effects, such as in the air conditioner that produces chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) that can broke the ozone layer. Next, use the reusable device, such as shopping bag, lunch container, batteries, and many more. Reusable shopping bags require more energy to produce than common plastic shopping bags. One reusable bag requires the same amount of energy as an estimated 28 traditional plastic shopping bags or eight paper bags. So, by doing this we can save more energy and minimize the produce of waste. Last, 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle). - Reuse: Many items found around the home can be used for different purposes. So before we throw those items away, think about how they can be reused. For example carrier bags and twist ties, envelopes, jars and pots, newspaper, old clothes, packaging, and used wood. - Reduce: To reduce the waste, we can do these ways: 1. Buy only what you need 2. Buy products that can be reused 3. Buy products with little packaging-Recycle : Recycling is processing used materials ( waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution, and water pollution. Many kind of wastes that can be recycled such as glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles, and electronics. Katheryne Taylor (stated about the relation between the life style and the effort to reduce the global warming), “Many people feel they have to buy a lot of organic or environmentally-friendly items to go green, but actually, one of the best ways to do it is to make green lifestyle changes that reduce energy usage and waste in general.” REFERENCES: Greenpeace.2010. Green Lifestyle. Available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/multimedia/goodies/green-guide/green-lifestyle/ Accessed on 25th October 2011 HIPPIE MAGAZINE.2011. How to go green on a budget. Available at: http://hippiemagazine.com/2011/07/19/how-to-go-green-on-a-budget/ Accessed on 25th October 2011 Recycling Guide. 2011. Reuse, Reduce, Recycle. Available at : http://www.recycling-guide.org.uk/rrr.html Accessed on 25th October 2011 Wikipedia.2011. Recycling. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling Accessed on 28th October 2011 Wikipedia.2011. Reusable shopping bag. vailable at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reusable_shopping_bag Accessed on 25th October 2011
The Good and Bad Impact of Green House Effect to the Earth News Worthy: Greenhouse effect is process of warming of planet surface that caused by composition and atmosphere condition. Greenhouse effect is one thing that causes global warming. Greenhouse effect is caused by increase of carbon dioxide concentration and other gases in the atmosphere, in other word green house effect caused by greenhouse gases. Green house effects can cause good impact and also bad impact to the earth. Background Effect: The first good impacts from greenhouse effects are keep warm temperature the earth and continue s sun long wave. The fact that earth has an average surface temperature comfortably between the boiling point and freezing point of water, and thus is suitable for our sort of life, cannot be explained by simply suggesting that our planet orbits at just the right distance from the sun to absorb just the right amount of solar radiation. Our moderate temperatures are also the result of having just the right kind of atmosphere. Can you imagine that the place when we were born, do any activity are freezing? It might be happen if there’s no greenhouse effect. Greenhouse effect have role as an insulation blanket. Scientists believe that in the absence of the greenhouse effect, Earth's surface temperature would average about −0.4°F (−18°C), which is colder than the freezing point of water and more frigid than life could tolerate long term. By slowing the rate at which the planet cools itself, the greenhouse effect helps to maintain Earth's surface at an average temperature of about 59°F (15°C). This is about 59.5°F (33°C) warmer than it would otherwise be, and is within the range of temperature that life can tolerate. Second, there might be an increase in yield of some crops due to the increase in the photosynthetic rate of plants to try to keep up with the increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy by living organisms. The raw materials are carbon dioxide and water. Although small, an ecologically critical quantity of solar energy, averaging less than 1% of the total, is absorbed by plant pigments, especially chlorophyll. This absorbed energy is used to drive photosynthesis, the energetic result of which is a temporary storage of energy in the inter-atomic bonds of biochemical compounds. Next the bad impact is increasing of air temperature in the earth that can make global warming grow faster. This happen because the greenhouse gases help the global warming. Greenhouse gasses are gasses are in the earth’s atmosphere that collects heat and light from the sun. With too many greenhouse gasses in the air, the earth’s atmosphere will trap too much heat and the earth will get too hot. As a result people, animals, and plants would die because the heat would be too strong. Moreover, abnormal rise in greenhouse gas, methane, in the earth atmosphere causing arctic ice to vanish in a couple of years .Greenhouse gas has been rising and in last one year it has risen by about 0.5%, methane is one of the important gas causing man-made climate change. Because of the above abnormal rise in greenhouse gases in last one year or so, scientists fear that, it could reflect melting of permafrost and drying of tropical wetlands more rapidly. It has also been reported that, concentrations of greenhouse gases have been more or less stable since about 1999 and thereafter rapid increases. Sources: There are some statement from climate modeling primer and minister of environment Indonesia about greenhouse effect. Henderson-Sellers and Mc Guffie from climate modeling primer stated about the greenhouse effect issue and said, “greenhouse effect is the effect of the atmosphere in re-reradiating long wave radiation back to the surface of the earth. It has nothing to do with glasshouses, which trap warm air at the surface”. Gusti Muhammad Hatta from the Minister of environment stated about the bad impact greenhouse gases, he said “we must reduce greenhouse gas emission because they increase temperature that leads to drought”. References: · Antaranews.2011. MinisterCallsForGreenhouseGasEmissionReductionToOvercomeDrought. available at : www.antaranews.com/en/news/75752/minister-calls-for-greenhouse-gas-emission-reduction-to-overcome-drought+greenhouse +news&cd =7&hl= id&ct=clnk&gl=id accessed on 25th October 2011 · Enotes.Greenhouse Gases and Greenhouse Effect. Available at : http://www.enotes.com/greenhouse-gases-greenhouse-effect-reference/greenhouse-gases-greenhouse-effect Accessed on 5th November 2011. · Thinkquest.2011. GlobalWarming. available at : http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/global_warming.htm accessed on 18th October 2011 · Wikipedia.2011. GreenhouseEffect. available at : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/greenhouse_effect accessed on 25th October 2011
Floating Arctic sea ice naturally melts and re-freezes annually, but the speed of change in a generation has shocked scientists – it is now twice as great as it was in 1972, according to the NSIDC, with a decline of about 10% per decade.
Comparing the 2011 melt to the record 2007 melt shows some significant worrying signs, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center analysis. Both melt seasons ended with ice covering approximately one-third less of the Arctic than average. But while 2007 was marked by particularly warm weather and wind patterns that speed melting, 2011 was overall an typical year for weather. And yet the ice still melted.
Average ice extent for October 2011 was 7.10 million square kilometers (2.74 million square miles), 2.19 million square kilometers (846,000 square miles) below the 1979 to 2000 average. This was 330,000 square kilometers (127,000 square miles) above the average for October 2007, the lowest extent in the satellite record for that month. By the end of October, ice extent remained below the 1979 to 2000 average in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas and in the Barents and Kara seas. Extent was near average in the East Greenland Sea. New ice growth has closed both the Northwest Passage and the Northern Sea Route.
There are several statement about Arctic Sea. "And so with our new understanding on how ice sheets are behaving and how they are responding to climate change we can say that the IPCC [UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] estimate for sea level rise from 18 to 59 centimeters is a very large underestimate and we are looking at something probably double the upper end of the estimate. So we are expecting one meter of sea level rise by 2100," said Gordon Hamilton, a leading glaciologist and professor from University of Maine Climate Change Institute.
• Hearst;2011. arctic-sea-ice-melt-2011, available at:
http://www.thedailygreen.com/environmental-news/latest/arctic-sea-ice-melt-2011,
Accessed on November, 16th 2011
• Ice Data Center, and The National Snow;2011. arctic sea ice news, available at:
http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/,
Accessed on November, 16th 2011
• Media limited, and Guardian News;201.arctic-ice-melting, available at:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/sep/11/arctic-ice-melting-at-fastest-pace, Accessed on November, 16th 2011
• Reuters, Thomson ; 2010 , Planet Ark. Available at :
http://planetark.org/enviro-news/item/56843,
Accessed on Thursday, October 27, 2011.
• Rosanne Skirble, 2011, VOA News. Available at :
http://www.voanews.com/english/news/environment/Arctic-Ice-Melting-Faster-than-Predicted-121283894.html,
Accessed on Thursday, October 27, 2011_
__Do you know where Borneo Rainforest? Borneo Rainforest is located in Kalimantan Island . In this island there are many orangutans. Orangutan is an Indonesian endemic animal that protected by law because population of orangutans became rare. To prevent orangutans disappear, The Government of Indonesia agreed to pay the United States $ 28.5 million in debt to fund forest conservation and climate change mitigation effort particularly in Kalimantan forest where a significant population of orangutans exist.
Tropical Forest Conservation Act (TFCA), Indonesia will be able to reduce its debt by the agreed amount during the upcoming eight years by committing those funds to restore the country’s tropical forest. This was the second “debt-for-nature-swap" agreement signed by Indonesia and the US.
As an initial step, TFCA2 program will focus on three districts which are Berau and Kutai Barat (East Kalimantan) and Kapuas Hulu (West Kalimantan). As swap partner, WWF will act as Oversight Committee to ensure that the program as well as the community empowerment activities are in line with TFCA goals and WWF’s conservation mission.
According to WWF-Indonesia Supervisory Board Arief Surowidjojo, TFCA2 is a significant step forward in efforts to protect one of the world’s richest forest ecosystems. Conserving Borneo forest also means provides economic security for the millions of people depending on those forest resources.
Representing TNC, Forest Program ad-interim Director Ade Soekadis said, TFCA2 is expected to be able to support TNC works in Boreau, providing assistances to the local government and community in the area in conducting sustainable and low emission development program focusing on conservation.“Forest carbon program in Boreau focuses on how we empower the local community and indigenous peoples in order to enable them implement sustainable use of forest resources,” he said.
1. Animal, Global.2011.Borneo:A huge step forward in conservation effort, Available at
http://www.globalanimal.org/2011/10/13/borneo-a-huge-step-forward-in-conservation/54487/
Accessed on:October 28, 2011.
2. Butler, Rhet.2011.Borneo, Available at
http://www.mongabay.com/borneo.html
Accessed on:October 28, 2011.
3. Vinanda, Yulien, Masayu.2011.Indonesia-US embrace WWF and TNC conserving Borneo forest, Available at http://www.wwf.or.id/en/news_facts/new_articles/?23262/RI-AS-gandeng-WWF-dan-TNC-dalam-Debt-for-Nature-Swap, Accessed on: October 25, 2011
__Reforestation is replanting forests that have been felled (barren,
bald). Reforestation is useful to improve the quality of human life by absorbing pollution and dust from the air, rebuild habitat and ecosystem nature, prevent global warming by capturing carbon dioxide from the air, and used the results (mainly wood), rebuilding habitats and ecosystems nature.
Lately we can feel that the effects of global warming such as air temperature is getting warmer and the water level rises further. We all know one way to reduce global warming is to do reforestation. By reforestation, the oxygen level will increase because trees produce oxygen so that the temperature of the air becomes cool. The following are some benefits of reforestation:
1. Reforestation can stabilizes slopes. Mudslides normally occur in areas where trees have been felled. Since grasses are incapable of holding the soil, floods and mudslide occur and claim thousands of lives (for example Haiti after the hurricane). Planting trees in slopes is a surefire way of stabilizing slopes in areas that are prone to flooding and mudslides.
2. Water holding areas. Trees and woodlands also act as water reservoirs as they prevent the occurrence of flash floods. In addition to that, because of their storage capacity, they keep water in ponds and streams – which is used when water is scarce.
3. Reforestation is also very influential on the survival of animals, which can save their habitats by reforestation.
4. Reforestation also indirectly help create employment opportunities, especially for the people around. Reforestation also provides many job opportunities to people who lack the skills needed in other sectors. Planting trees can therefore generate employment, especially to the local people. Besides planting trees, woodlands store carbon and prevent global warming.
there are a lot of obstacles in implementing reforestation. Minister of Forestry Zulkifli said that the cause of damage to forest is land exploitation, which are changed to plantations and mines. He added that regional autonomy also plays a role since the local government allegedly gives permission too easy for foreign investors. He said it has provided 500 million trees for reforestation. People can collect trees in forestry ministries and all agencies across Indonesia and they will not be charged for the trees that are used for reforestation
Benefit.org. 19/07/2011. Benefits of Reforestation, available at: http://benefitof.net/benefits-of-reforestationn , Acess on : October 28, 2011
Ecologic.com. 14/10/2007. Reforestation, available at: http://www.ecologic.org/reforestation , Acess on : October 28, 2011
nrdc.org. 22/11/2005 . Global Warming Puts the Arctic on Thin Ice - , Available at: http://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/qthinice.asp, acsess on: October 23, 2011
Thejakartapost.com/30/10/2011. Scene Bloggers Support Reforestation, available at: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/10/17/scene-bloggers-support-reforestation-campaign.html Acess on : October 28, 2011
Wikipedia.org.22/09/2011. Reforestation, available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforestation , access on: October 22, 2011
Wikipedia.org.22/09/2011. Reforestation, available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforestation , access on: October 22, 2011
__Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particles, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere. The best solution to deal with is to use public transport rather than private vehicles, saving energy, using alternative energy sources, minimizing the production of pollutants.
To minimize the production of air pollution, can be done by the government has provided a way of mass transportation buses as an alternative for the community. GovernmentsThe aim is to provide Busway to provide transportation services which is fast, convenient, and affordable for the community. In addition, the most important thing is to reduce the number of vehicles in the city, which of course is one cause of intense traffic congestion and worsening air pollution. The government has campaigned effective use of fuel and electricity and then some communities have developed alternative energy, such as biogas, solar thermal, geothermal, etc. and the government also has developed a composting organic waste to the public, so that no garbage is burnt and cause air pollution.
dr. Mangku Sitepoe gave the sollution, he said there are five fundamental in preventing or repairing gas air pollution. Most people agree that to curb global warming, various measures need to be taken. On a personal level, driving and flying less, recycling, and conservation reduces a person's "carbon footprint"-the amount of carbon dioxide a person responsible for putting into the atmosphere.
• Ahira.2008.Penanggulangan pencemaran udara.Available at http://www.anneahira.com/penanggulangan-pencemaran-udara.htm
Accessed on October 28 2011.
• Cheng L, Sandhu HS, Angle RP and Myrick RH.1998. Characteristics of inhalable particulate matter in Alberta cities. Available at http://www.Atmospheric-Environment.com/
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• DesJardins MJ, Telmer K and Beauchamp S.2004.Apportioning atmospheric pollution to Canadian and American sources in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia, Available at http://ww.Atmospheric-Environment.com/
Accessed on October 25 2011.
• Gutan Alleana.2003.polusi.Available at http://fbifm.com/fbi-news/10-fbi-inside-news/222-siaga-satu-untuk-polusi-udara-di-indonesia.html
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• Parker Tommy.2006.AirPollution. Available at http://www.expat.or.id/info/airpollution.html
Accesed on October 26 2011.
_Coral is actually the skeletal remains secreted by small marine polyps. Coral is actually a tiny animal that looks like an upside-down jellyfish; It is in the same family as a jellyfish, classified as a benthic cnidarians.
So, Destruction coral reef is (Coral reef can) destroyed of coral reef that caused by human errors and natural factor. for example that can cause it happen are pollution from factory, the bombing of coral, coral bleaching.
Background event:
The first issue that can cause it happen is pollution from factory. Pollution from all the pollution that is created from waste plant which removes waste, pollution is usually in the form of liquid and solid waste including garbage. Destruction can be divided into 2 collisions by solid waste, and destruction by the fluid or toxins that make it difficult to live coral. Generally the destruction of coral by pollution located on the seafront. As happened on Philippines in 1998.
The second issue (is The booming of coral) that can cause destruction happen is booming of coral. Boom can (be) divided into two species there are cheap explosives and high explosives. (The) Example of high explosive is trawling. Trawling is a fishing method in a way blindly ( by using) .Usually using some boats / ships with a very wide net, long and deep. (It can make the catchment area larger) So that the catchment area was more extensive fish, more fish are (can be) caught in a short time.And (It) cause(s) the destruction of many coral reefs, because of the bombing which includes many small area and many corals.
The last issue that can cause a destruction of coral is Coral bleaching. Coral Bleaching is the loss of intracellular endosymbionts (zooxanthellae) through either expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation.
Bleaching occurs when the conditions necessary to sustain the coral's zooxanthellae cannot be maintained.
Source:
The World Bank said, In 1998 was reported by Earth Watch that 30 % of the Philippine coral reefs were dead and 39 % were dying. In 2000 representatives of universities at a symposium in Indonesia noted that... "... 95.7 % of the reefs in the Philippines are in a very bad state...” Indonesia and the Philippines are the two countries where the consequences of ’dynamite and cyanide fishing' are now widespread
Plaza.edu. 2011. Coral reef and the definition of destruction coral reef . Available at
http://plaza.ufl.edu/bettie/coralreef.html
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2. Wikipedia.2011.Water pollution.
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3. Wikimu.2011.Definition of pukat harimau.
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http://www.wikimu.com/news/DisplayNews.aspx?id=7617
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4. Wikipedia.2011. Coral bleaching.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_bleaching
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5. Philippines.2011. Coral reef.
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http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/CoralReef.htm
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It is now a global concern that the climatic changes occurring today have been speeded up because of human's activities.
The natural variability and the climate fluctuations of the climate system have always been part of the Earth’s history however there have been changes in concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere growing at an unprecedented rate and magnitude. The United Nations, governments and many top scientists around the world believe that we must act now to stabilize and arrest further changes.
To understand climate change fully, the causes of climate change must be first identified. Scientists divide the causes into two categories, natural and human causes.
Climate change can happen because of the human activities, such as the burning fossil fuels-oil, gasoline and coal, industrial processes and mining, landfills, septic, and sewer system, agricultural practices, including fertilizer and manure management, land use practices, including deforestation.
The earth’s climate is influenced and changed through natural causes like volcanic eruptions, ocean current, the earth’s orbital changes and solar variations.
Volcanic eruptions - When a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), water vapour, dust, and ash into the atmosphere.
Ocean current - The oceans are a major component of the climate system. Ocean currents move vast amounts of heat across the planet.
Earth orbital changes - The earth makes one full orbit around the sun each year. It is tilted at an angle of 23.5° to the perpendicular plane of its orbital path.
Solar variations - The Sun is the source of energy for the Earth’s climate system. Although the Sun’s energy output appears constant from an everyday point of view, small changes over an extended period of time can lead to climate changes.
Climatologists reporting for the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) say we are seeing global warming caused by human activities and there are growing fears of feedbacks that will accelerate this warming.
Eric, Real Climate 2011
Available at : http://www.realclimate.org/
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Pearce, Fred Environment Available at : http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9903-instant-expert-climate-change.html
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Washington State Department of Ecology , 2011 climate change
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Wikipedia 2011 climate change Available at : http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change
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_
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.
Water covers over 70% of the Earth’s surface and is a very important resource for people and the environment. Water pollution affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. This consequently harms human health and the natural environment.
Water pollution gives impact for us and for our environment. The impact is,
first, drinking polluted water can cause cholera or typhoid infections, along with diarrhea. Travelers to Tropical South America may be exposed to potential diseases from a number of sources. The most frequently reported illness is traveler's diarrhea, but there are other diseases which are unique to Mexico and Central America or the tropics. These diseases are transmitted by food and water, or close contact with infected people. Specific diseases are discussed under each of these topical headings.
In order to reduce the risk of infection travelers must (1) protect themselves from insects, (2) ensure the quality of their food and drinking water, and (3) be knowledgeable about potential diseases in the region to be visited. Finally, diseases are not restricted to cleanly defined geographical areas, i.e. mosquitoes can fly over city or country borders, therefore, all travelers should protect themselves by taking the basic preventive precautions.
second, toxins within water can harm aquatic organisms, thus breaking a link in the food chain. So, the food chain will be broke because many animal lost their food and they will extinct.
And the last, birds that get into oil-contaminated water die from exposure to cold water and air due to feather damage. Other animals are affected when they eat dead fish in contaminated streams.
_2010.What are Possible Sollutions for Water Pollution. Avaliable at : http://www.ehow.com/about_5140076_possible-solutions-water-pollution.html. Accessed on : 2011/10/25
2011.Water Pollution Guide. Avaliable at : http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/. Accessed on : 2011/10/25
2011.Effect of Water Pollution. Avaliable at : http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Effects_of_Water_Pollution. Accessed on : 2011/10/25
2011.Fact about Water Pollution. Avaliable at : http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Facts_About_Water_Pollution . Accessed on : 2011/10/25
Rubin,Ken.2009.Reply to ASK-AN-EARTH-SCIENTIST. Avaliable at : http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/ASK/waterpol3.html. Accessed on : 2011/10/27
Wikipedia.2011.Water Pollution. Avaliable at : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution. Accessed on : 2011/10/25
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